ATT&CK
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The following is a curated list of tactics sourced from MITRE ATT&CK
You should familiarize yourself with these attack vectors, while preparing for your campaign.
Command and Control consists of techniques that adversaries may use to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network. Adversaries commonly attempt to mimic normal, expected traffic to avoid detection. There are many ways an adversary can establish command and control with various levels of stealth depending on the victim’s network structure and defenses.
ATT&CK Win Command and Control
Application Layer Protocol (4)
Communication Through Removable Media
Non-Application Layer Protocol
ATT&CK Windows Matrix Collection
Collection consists of techniques adversaries may use to gather information and the sources information is collected from that are relevant to following through on the adversary's objectives. Frequently, the next goal after collecting data is to steal (exfiltrate) the data. Common target sources include various drive types, browsers, audio, video, and email. Common collection methods include capturing screenshots and keyboard input.
ATT&CK Win Credentials
Credential Access consists of techniques for stealing credentials like account names and passwords. Techniques used to get credentials include keylogging or credential dumping. Using legitimate credentials can give adversaries access to systems, make them harder to detect, and provide the opportunity to create more accounts to help achieve their goals.
Credentials from Password Stores (3)
Exploitation for Credential Access
Modify Authentication Process (2)
Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets (4)
Two-Factor Authentication Interception
ATT&CK Win Discovery
Discovery consists of techniques an adversary may use to gain knowledge about the system and internal network. These techniques help adversaries observe the environment and orient themselves before deciding how to act. They also allow adversaries to explore what they can control and what’s around their entry point in order to discover how it could benefit their current objective. Native operating system tools are often used toward this post-compromise information-gathering objective.
Permission Groups Discovery (2)
System Network Configuration Discovery (1)
System Network Connections Discovery
Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion (3)
ATT&CK Win Evasion
Defense Evasion consists of techniques that adversaries use to avoid detection throughout their compromise. Techniques used for defense evasion include uninstalling/disabling security software or obfuscating/encrypting data and scripts. Adversaries also leverage and abuse trusted processes to hide and masquerade their malware. Other tactics’ techniques are cross-listed here when those techniques include the added benefit of subverting defenses.
Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism (1)
Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information
Domain Policy Modification (2)
Exploitation for Defense Evasion
File and Directory Permissions Modification (1)
Modify Authentication Process (2)
Obfuscated Files or Information (6)
Signed Binary Proxy Execution (13)
Signed Script Proxy Execution (1)
Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution (1)
Use Alternate Authentication Material (2)
Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion (3)
ATT&CK Win Execution
Execution consists of techniques that result in adversary-controlled code running on a local or remote system. Techniques that run malicious code are often paired with techniques from all other tactics to achieve broader goals, like exploring a network or stealing data. For example, an adversary might use a remote access tool to run a PowerShell script that does Remote System Discovery.
Command and Scripting Interpreter (5)
Exploitation for Client Execution
Inter-Process Communication (2)
Windows Management Instrumentation
ATT&CK Win Exfiltration
Exfiltration consists of techniques that adversaries may use to steal data from your network. Once they’ve collected data, adversaries often package it to avoid detection while removing it. This can include compression and encryption. Techniques for getting data out of a target network typically include transferring it over their command and control channel or an alternate channel and may also include putting size limits on the transmission.
Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol (3)
Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium (1)
Exfiltration Over Physical Medium (1)
Exfiltration Over Web Service (2)
ATT&CK Win Impact
Impact consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt availability or compromise integrity by manipulating business and operational processes. Techniques used for impact can include destroying or tampering with data. In some cases, business processes can look fine, but may have been altered to benefit the adversaries’ goals. These techniques might be used by adversaries to follow through on their end goal or to provide cover for a confidentiality breach.
Endpoint Denial of Service (4)
ATT&CK Win Initial Access
Initial Access consists of techniques that use various entry vectors to gain their initial foothold within a network. Techniques used to gain a foothold include targeted spearphishing and exploiting weaknesses on public-facing web servers. Footholds gained through initial access may allow for continued access, like valid accounts and use of external remote services, or may be limited-use due to changing passwords.
Exploit Public-Facing Application
Replication Through Removable Media
ATT&CK Win Lateral Movement
Lateral Movement consists of techniques that adversaries use to enter and control remote systems on a network. Following through on their primary objective often requires exploring the network to find their target and subsequently gaining access to it. Reaching their objective often involves pivoting through multiple systems and accounts to gain. Adversaries might install their own remote access tools to accomplish Lateral Movement or use legitimate credentials with native network and operating system tools, which may be stealthier.
Exploitation of Remote Services
Remote Service Session Hijacking (1)
Replication Through Removable Media
Use Alternate Authentication Material (2)
ATT&CK Win Persistence
Persistence consists of techniques that adversaries use to keep access to systems across restarts, changed credentials, and other interruptions that could cut off their access. Techniques used for persistence include any access, action, or configuration changes that let them maintain their foothold on systems, such as replacing or hijacking legitimate code or adding startup code.
Boot or Logon Autostart Execution (10)
Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts (2)
Compromise Client Software Binary
Create or Modify System Process (1)
Event Triggered Execution (11)
Modify Authentication Process (2)
Office Application Startup (6)
ATT&CK Win Privilege Escalation
Privilege Escalation consists of techniques that adversaries use to gain higher-level permissions on a system or network. Adversaries can often enter and explore a network with unprivileged access but require elevated permissions to follow through on their objectives. Common approaches are to take advantage of system weaknesses, misconfigurations, and vulnerabilities. Examples of elevated access include:
- SYSTEM/root level
- local administrator
- user account with admin-like access
- user accounts with access to specific system or perform specific function
These techniques often overlap with Persistence techniques, as OS features that let an adversary persist can execute in an elevated context.
Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism (1)
Boot or Logon Autostart Execution (10)
Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts (2)
Create or Modify System Process (1)
Domain Policy Modification (2)
Event Triggered Execution (11)